Paʻa-Maikaʻi Loa: Hiki ke kānana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me0.2 µm.
Media Kiekie: Hana ʻia me nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia no kahi ʻāpana ākea nui, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā hana kānana paʻakikī.
Hana Kaulike: Hāʻawi i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ke kahe maikaʻi i ka manawa like.
Nā Kokua Kuloko & Kānana: Kākoʻo ʻia nā lua o loko a me nā mea kānana i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana ultrafine a me nā microbes.
Nā hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana nui:
ʻO ka kānana maikaʻi e hōʻemi i nā microorganism
Hoʻopili mua ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana membrane
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻopiha ʻana