Hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa kemika kiʻekiʻe loa i nā noi alkaline a me acidic
Maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka mechanical
Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana mineral, no laila haʻahaʻa ka ʻike ion
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻohe lehu, no laila ʻo ka lehu kūpono loa
ʻO ka adsorption e pili ana i ka uku haʻahaʻa
Hiki ke palaho
Hana kiʻekiʻe aʻe
Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka holoi ʻana, e hopena ana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana
Ua hoʻemi ʻia nā pohō drip i nā ʻōnaehana kānana hāmama
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka kānana, ka kānana ma mua o ka kānana membrane hope loa, ka kānana wehe kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, ka kānana wehe microbial, ka kānana wehe colloids maikaʻi, ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka catalyst, ka wehe ʻana i ka hū.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pepa kānana hohonu o ka moʻo Great Wall C no ka kānana ʻana o kekahi ʻano wai a loaʻa i nā ʻano he nui i kūpono no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka microbial a me ka kānana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, e like me ka pale ʻana i ke kaʻina kānana membrane ma hope, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka kānana ʻana o nā waina me ka ʻike colloid borderline.
Nā hoʻohana nui: Waina, pia, wai huaʻai, ʻuhane, meaʻai, kemika maikaʻi/kūikawā, biotechnology, lāʻau lapaʻau, mea hoʻonani.
Hana ʻia ka ʻano kānana hohonu o ka moʻo Great Wall C me nā mea cellulose maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe wale nō.

*Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mau helu e like me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo i loko o ka hale.
*ʻO ka hana wehe pono ʻana o nā pepa kānana e pili ana i nā kūlana o ke kaʻina hana.